Use the data

Where to start

It is not a survey data matrix. Choose by what you already know how to do.

No coding
Open El Salvador in the explorer. Search the full text; filter by date, party, legislature (the term each Record prints), or deputy; export with its citation. It is the test country: 98 MB, and it covers only 2018 to 2025. Or take the data for a figure, in CSV and Excel.
Open the explorer Download the figure data
The explorer's interface is in Spanish only today. Search runs on each chamber's original text, in Spanish or Portuguese.
With basic R or Python
The CSV of one country: from 98 MB to 1.5 GB. Filters, counts, series by year. The two snippets below are this and nothing more.
View the countries
With text analysis methods
The full corpus: sixteen downloads, one per country, 12.3 GB in total. The database does not include topic, tone, position, or vote: here the variables have to be built. This is where you have to learn, and it can be learned.
View the sixteen DOIs
With an AI assistant
Ask in your own words: the assistant searches, counts, and returns numbers, passages, and charts. It warns you about each corpus's limits.
View the tools

Two groups with the same database can reach different results without either one having made a mistake. It is not a defect: it is what happens when the analysis decisions are yours.

The path, step by step

Choose a country. If in doubt, El Salvador: it is the smallest file.
Download one file, not all 17. For the explorer, the one ending in _interventions.csv is enough. Do not open it with a double click or in a spreadsheet: that can truncate rows and text.
Download from DataverseOpens in Harvard Dataverse.
- Portugal Assembleia da República 1.1 GB
- Spain Congreso de los Diputados 1,009 MB
- Ecuador Cámara Nacional de Representantes / Congreso Nacional / Asambleas Constituyentes / Asamblea Nacional 1.1 GB
- Argentina Cámara de Diputados de la Nación 841 MB
- Uruguay Cámara de Representantes 929 MB
- Mexico Cámara de Diputados 1.5 GB
- Paraguay Cámara de Diputados 252 MB
- Chile Cámara de Diputadas y Diputados 957 MB
- Costa Rica Asamblea Legislativa 655 MB
- Peru Congreso de la República 798 MB
- Panama Asamblea Nacional (Legislativa hasta 2004) 465 MB
- Colombia Cámara de Representantes 483 MB
- Guatemala Congreso de la República 269 MB
- Dominican Republic Cámara de Diputados 523 MB
- Brazil Câmara dos Deputados 1.4 GB
- El Salvador Asamblea Legislativa 98 MB
Open it in the explorer. Click “Elegir archivo…” (Choose file…) and select it. It opens in your browser; nothing leaves your computer.
Open the explorerOpens the explorer, in another tab.
The explorer's interface is in Spanish only today. Search runs on each chamber's original text, in Spanish or Portuguese.
It requires a recent browser: Chrome/Edge 112+, Firefox 116+, Safari 17+. When you choose the file, the explorer tells you how much memory it needs. On a modest computer, close other tabs or try El Salvador first. Today the explorer is in Spanish only and opens one country at a time.
In our tests, run outside the browser with the same engine, El Salvador was ready in 3.7 s. Brazil, the heaviest of those measured, in 82 s. On your computer it can take longer.

What is in each download

There are 17 files per country. XX is the country's two letters: SV, BR. Two are the data: XX_interventions.csv, with one row per speaking turn or non-speech block, and XX_deputies.csv, the roster. Four documents, each in English, Spanish, and Portuguese: README, data dictionary, known limitations, and processing report. And three files for software: corpus numbers, metadata, and the linkage method for each speaker. Read the limitations before you count anything.

XX_interventions.csv
XX_deputies.csv

README.mdREADME_es.mdREADME_pt.md
data_dictionary.mddata_dictionary_es.mddata_dictionary_pt.md
known_limitations.mdknown_limitations_es.mdknown_limitations_pt.md
process_report.mdprocess_report_es.mdprocess_report_pt.md

corpus_info.json
dataset.jsonld
match_methods.json

The 16 columns

The same 16, with the same names, in all sixteen chambers. What changes is how much of each could be filled, and the table says so.

Each cell is a chamber, in the order of the grid: the fuller the cell, the more complete the column. An empty cell is a column that the chamber does not carry.

ColumnWhat it is

id_session

string

Stable WITHIN this edition, not across editions: the ordinals are derived from position, so adding or removing sessions in a later edition shifts every identifier after the change. Cite the edition, and do not use these identifiers as a key against another edition. Format: {ISO2}{legislature:03d}{session:04d}. The ordinals are DERIVED (legislature by earliest session date, session by date and number within it), because legislature and session_number are country-specific text and not always present.

Portugal: 100.0% of all rows
Spain: 100.0% of all rows
Ecuador: 100.0% of all rows
Argentina: 100.0% of all rows
Uruguay: 100.0% of all rows
Mexico: 100.0% of all rows
Paraguay: 100.0% of all rows
Chile: 100.0% of all rows
Costa Rica: 100.0% of all rows
Peru: 100.0% of all rows
Panama: 100.0% of all rows
Colombia: 100.0% of all rows
Guatemala: 100.0% of all rows
Dominican Republic: 100.0% of all rows
Brazil: 100.0% of all rows
El Salvador: 100.0% of all rows

id_int

string

Stable WITHIN this edition, not across editions, for the same reason as id_session. Format: id_session + intervention_order as 5 digits. Unique across the corpus. Prolegomena rows (intervention_order = 0) end in 00000. Duplicate front matter within a session is disambiguated upstream by suffixing session_number (104 -> 104B), which yields a distinct id_session -- never by special id_int ranges.

Portugal: 100.0% of all rows
Spain: 100.0% of all rows
Ecuador: 100.0% of all rows
Argentina: 100.0% of all rows
Uruguay: 100.0% of all rows
Mexico: 100.0% of all rows
Paraguay: 100.0% of all rows
Chile: 100.0% of all rows
Costa Rica: 100.0% of all rows
Peru: 100.0% of all rows
Panama: 100.0% of all rows
Colombia: 100.0% of all rows
Guatemala: 100.0% of all rows
Dominican Republic: 100.0% of all rows
Brazil: 100.0% of all rows
El Salvador: 100.0% of all rows

legislature

string

Legislature identifier as printed in the source. Format is country-specific and NOT comparable across countries (roman numerals, year ranges, ordinals).

Portugal: 100.0% of all rows
Spain: 100.0% of all rows
Ecuador: 100.0% of all rows
Argentina: 100.0% of all rows
Uruguay: 100.0% of all rows
Mexico: 100.0% of all rows
Paraguay: 100.0% of all rows
Chile: 100.0% of all rows
Costa Rica: 100.0% of all rows
Peru: 100.0% of all rows
Panama: 100.0% of all rows
Colombia: 100.0% of all rows
Guatemala: 100.0% of all rows
Dominican Republic: 100.0% of all rows
Brazil: 100.0% of all rows
El Salvador: 100.0% of all rows

legislative_session

string

Legislative session or period within the legislature, where the source records one.

Portugal: 97.9% of all rows
Spain: 100.0% of all rows
Ecuador: 0.0% of all rows
Argentina: 97.8% of all rows
Uruguay: 100.0% of all rows
Mexico: 99.99% of all rows
Paraguay: 52.4% of all rows
Chile: 100.0% of all rows
Costa Rica: 100.0% of all rows
Peru: 100.0% of all rows
Panama: 91.0% of all rows
Colombia: 79.4% of all rows
Guatemala: 99.99% of all rows
Dominican Republic: 100.0% of all rows
Brazil: 100.0% of all rows
El Salvador: 99.9% of all rows

session_number

string

Session number. Usually an integer, but may be alphanumeric where the chamber appends a session-type suffix.

Portugal: 99.1% of all rows
Spain: 97.8% of all rows
Ecuador: 99.6% of all rows
Argentina: 100.0% of all rows
Uruguay: 100.0% of all rows
Mexico: 100.0% of all rows
Paraguay: 94.3% of all rows
Chile: 100.0% of all rows
Costa Rica: 100.0% of all rows
Peru: 99.99% of all rows
Panama: 7.8% of all rows
Colombia: 98.9% of all rows
Guatemala: 100.0% of all rows
Dominican Republic: 59.1% of all rows
Brazil: 100.0% of all rows
El Salvador: 97.6% of all rows

date

date

Session date in ISO 8601 format.

Portugal: 100.0% of all rows
Spain: 100.0% of all rows
Ecuador: 100.0% of all rows
Argentina: 100.0% of all rows
Uruguay: 99.98% of all rows
Mexico: 100.0% of all rows
Paraguay: 99.5% of all rows
Chile: 100.0% of all rows
Costa Rica: 100.0% of all rows
Peru: 100.0% of all rows
Panama: 100.0% of all rows
Colombia: 100.0% of all rows
Guatemala: 100.0% of all rows
Dominican Republic: 100.0% of all rows
Brazil: 100.0% of all rows
El Salvador: 100.0% of all rows

session_type

string

Session type, normalised to five values across the collection: ordinaria, extraordinaria, solemne, instalación, otros (the record's own wording is mapped to these; the values are Spanish literals in every country, Brazil and Portugal included). «otros» covers both a type outside the four named and a sitting whose record states no type at all; the column is never empty.

Portugal: 100.0% of all rows
Spain: 100.0% of all rows
Ecuador: 100.0% of all rows
Argentina: 100.0% of all rows
Uruguay: 100.0% of all rows
Mexico: 100.0% of all rows
Paraguay: 100.0% of all rows
Chile: 100.0% of all rows
Costa Rica: 100.0% of all rows
Peru: 100.0% of all rows
Panama: 100.0% of all rows
Colombia: 100.0% of all rows
Guatemala: 100.0% of all rows
Dominican Republic: 100.0% of all rows
Brazil: 100.0% of all rows
El Salvador: 100.0% of all rows

intervention_order

integer

Position of the intervention within its session (1-based, in order of record). 0 = front matter: cover page, summary, index or roll call preceding the first intervention. These precede WITHOUT displacing the numbering of the rest.

Portugal: 100.0% of all rows
Spain: 100.0% of all rows
Ecuador: 100.0% of all rows
Argentina: 100.0% of all rows
Uruguay: 100.0% of all rows
Mexico: 100.0% of all rows
Paraguay: 100.0% of all rows
Chile: 100.0% of all rows
Costa Rica: 100.0% of all rows
Peru: 100.0% of all rows
Panama: 100.0% of all rows
Colombia: 100.0% of all rows
Guatemala: 100.0% of all rows
Dominican Republic: 100.0% of all rows
Brazil: 100.0% of all rows
El Salvador: 100.0% of all rows

speaker_raw

string

Speaker designation exactly as it appears in the parliamentary record.

Portugal: 100.0% of speech turns
Spain: 100.0% of speech turns
Ecuador: 98.9% of speech turns
Argentina: 100.0% of speech turns
Uruguay: 100.0% of speech turns
Mexico: 100.0% of speech turns
Paraguay: 99.99% of speech turns
Chile: 100.0% of speech turns
Costa Rica: 100.0% of speech turns
Peru: 100.0% of speech turns
Panama: 100.0% of speech turns
Colombia: 100.0% of speech turns
Guatemala: 100.0% of speech turns
Dominican Republic: 100.0% of speech turns
Brazil: 100.0% of speech turns
El Salvador: 100.0% of speech turns

id_dep

string

Deputy identifier in the national roster. Empty where the speaker could not be linked, or where the speaker is not a member (minister, clerk, guest).

Portugal: 90.8% of speech turns
Spain: 98.0% of speech turns
Ecuador: 95.1% of speech turns
Argentina: 69.4% of speech turns
Uruguay: 95.7% of speech turns
Mexico: 98.5% of speech turns
Paraguay: 68.8% of speech turns
Chile: 96.8% of speech turns
Costa Rica: 96.4% of speech turns
Peru: 96.2% of speech turns
Panama: 67.9% of speech turns
Colombia: 88.7% of speech turns
Guatemala: 85.5% of speech turns
Dominican Republic: 76.6% of speech turns
Brazil: 98.4% of speech turns
El Salvador: 96.4% of speech turns

speaker_name

string

Normalised full name of the deputy. Empty when id_dep is empty.

Portugal: 99.3% of speech turns linked to a deputy
Spain: 100.0% of speech turns linked to a deputy
Ecuador: 100.0% of speech turns linked to a deputy
Argentina: 100.0% of speech turns linked to a deputy
Uruguay: 100.0% of speech turns linked to a deputy
Mexico: 100.0% of speech turns linked to a deputy
Paraguay: 100.0% of speech turns linked to a deputy
Chile: 100.0% of speech turns linked to a deputy
Costa Rica: 100.0% of speech turns linked to a deputy
Peru: 99.99% of speech turns linked to a deputy
Panama: 100.0% of speech turns linked to a deputy
Colombia: 100.0% of speech turns linked to a deputy
Guatemala: 100.0% of speech turns linked to a deputy
Dominican Republic: 99.99% of speech turns linked to a deputy
Brazil: 100.0% of speech turns linked to a deputy
El Salvador: 100.0% of speech turns linked to a deputy

sex

string

Sex of the deputy: M / F. Empty when id_dep is empty, or when the roster does not record the member's sex. DERIVED variable — the provenance of every value is recorded in sex_source of the companion roster file, so users can restrict to the higher-precision levels.

Portugal: 99.3% of speech turns linked to a deputy
Spain: 100.0% of speech turns linked to a deputy
Ecuador: 100.0% of speech turns linked to a deputy
Argentina: 100.0% of speech turns linked to a deputy
Uruguay: 100.0% of speech turns linked to a deputy
Mexico: 100.0% of speech turns linked to a deputy
Paraguay: 99.9% of speech turns linked to a deputy
Chile: 100.0% of speech turns linked to a deputy
Costa Rica: 100.0% of speech turns linked to a deputy
Peru: 100.0% of speech turns linked to a deputy
Panama: 99.9% of speech turns linked to a deputy
Colombia: 100.0% of speech turns linked to a deputy
Guatemala: 100.0% of speech turns linked to a deputy
Dominican Republic: 99.9% of speech turns linked to a deputy
Brazil: 100.0% of speech turns linked to a deputy
El Salvador: 99.7% of speech turns linked to a deputy

party

string

Political party of the deputy. Whether this varies with the session date depends on how each national roster is built; see the notes field of corpus_info.json.

Portugal: 93.0% of speech turns linked to a deputy
Spain: 99.3% of speech turns linked to a deputy
Ecuador: 100.0% of speech turns linked to a deputy
Argentina: 99.1% of speech turns linked to a deputy
Uruguay: 99.4% of speech turns linked to a deputy
Mexico: 99.9% of speech turns linked to a deputy
Paraguay: 95.2% of speech turns linked to a deputy
Chile: 99.9% of speech turns linked to a deputy
Costa Rica: 99.3% of speech turns linked to a deputy
Peru: 99.96% of speech turns linked to a deputy
Panama: 99.7% of speech turns linked to a deputy
Colombia: 99.3% of speech turns linked to a deputy
Guatemala: 99.98% of speech turns linked to a deputy
Dominican Republic: 85.8% of speech turns linked to a deputy
Brazil: 99.99% of speech turns linked to a deputy
El Salvador: 95.3% of speech turns linked to a deputy

district

string

Electoral district of the deputy.

Portugal: 93.0% of speech turns linked to a deputy
Spain: 99.3% of speech turns linked to a deputy
Ecuador: 48.4% of speech turns linked to a deputy
Argentina: 98.7% of speech turns linked to a deputy
Uruguay: 100.0% of speech turns linked to a deputy
Mexico: 97.9% of speech turns linked to a deputy
Paraguay: 95.6% of speech turns linked to a deputy
Chile: 99.9% of speech turns linked to a deputy
Costa Rica: 99.3% of speech turns linked to a deputy
Peru: 95.2% of speech turns linked to a deputy
Panama: 99.7% of speech turns linked to a deputy
Colombia: 99.9% of speech turns linked to a deputy
Guatemala: 98.8% of speech turns linked to a deputy
Dominican Republic: 95.4% of speech turns linked to a deputy
Brazil: 43.6% of speech turns linked to a deputy
El Salvador: 96.2% of speech turns linked to a deputy

dm_speech

binary

1 if the row is parliamentary speech, 0 if it is not (front matter, summary, vote tally, reproduced document). Filters the corpus to speech with a single condition. Populated with evidence: 0 is set only where demonstrated, so 1 means «not shown to be non-speech».

Portugal: 100.0% of all rows
Spain: 100.0% of all rows
Ecuador: 100.0% of all rows
Argentina: 100.0% of all rows
Uruguay: 100.0% of all rows
Mexico: 100.0% of all rows
Paraguay: 100.0% of all rows
Chile: 100.0% of all rows
Costa Rica: 100.0% of all rows
Peru: 100.0% of all rows
Panama: 100.0% of all rows
Colombia: 100.0% of all rows
Guatemala: 100.0% of all rows
Dominican Republic: 100.0% of all rows
Brazil: 100.0% of all rows
El Salvador: 100.0% of all rows

text

string

Full text of the intervention.

Portugal: 100.0% of all rows
Spain: 100.0% of all rows
Ecuador: 99.99% of all rows
Argentina: 99.9% of all rows
Uruguay: 100.0% of all rows
Mexico: 100.0% of all rows
Paraguay: 100.0% of all rows
Chile: 100.0% of all rows
Costa Rica: 100.0% of all rows
Peru: 99.98% of all rows
Panama: 99.99% of all rows
Colombia: 99.95% of all rows
Guatemala: 99.99% of all rows
Dominican Republic: 99.96% of all rows
Brazil: 99.98% of all rows
El Salvador: 99.8% of all rows

sex is derived. It does not come from the Record; the provenance of each value is in sex_source, in the roster. Accuracy: 98.98% on 38,372 rows reviewed by hand in eleven rosters, with more error for women than for men. In the other five it is not measured.

dm_speech is asymmetric. The 0 is proven. The 1 is not: it means “not proven to be non-speech.”

legislature is not comparable across countries: it is the text each Record prints. To compare over time, use date.

Identifiers are stable within an edition, not across editions. To cite a passage, give the date and the session number, and check it against the official Record. Derived edition for research: in case of any discrepancy, your chamber's Record prevails.

The roster and its correct join

The roster is the list of those who held a seat. You almost never need to join anything: sex, party, and district already come in each row. It does not have one row per person, but one per term segment: 70,570 segments for 37,523 people. Join on id_dep and on legislature or date, according to the country's dictionary. Joining on less multiplies rows. Read it by column name, never by position: the order changes from one roster to another.

In Brazil there are 5,523 rows for 3,772 pairs of person and legislature: these are party switches, and there you join on date, between start_date and end_date.

Two snippets

Load a country, filter the speech, count words by decade and sex. With El Salvador, both reproduce its series in the opening figure.

library(readr); library(dplyr); library(stringr)

# Only four columns. na = character(): empty cells are read as "", not as NA.
df <- read_csv("SV_interventions.csv",
               col_select = c(date, sex, dm_speech, text),
               col_types  = cols(.default = col_character()),
               na = character())

# CAVEAT. This measures voice, not presence. `sex` is a derived variable, with more error for
# women than for men. dm_speech == "1" removes what is proven not to be speech;
# it does not prove that everything that remains is speech. The denominator is the words of
# deputies of known sex: rows without a deputy or without sex are excluded.
# Each chamber is compared with itself: this does not rank countries.
df |>
  filter(dm_speech == "1", sex %in% c("F", "M"), date != "") |>
  mutate(decada   = paste0(str_sub(date, 1, 3), "0"),
         palabras = str_count(text, "\\S+")) |>
  count(decada, sex, wt = palabras, name = "palabras") |>
  group_by(decada) |>
  mutate(pct = round(100 * palabras / sum(palabras), 2)) |>
  ungroup() |>
  as.data.frame()   # a tibble rounds on screen; this way both decimals are shown

import pandas as pd

# Only four columns. keep_default_na=False: empty cells are read as "", not as NaN.
cols = ["date", "sex", "dm_speech", "text"]
df = pd.read_csv("SV_interventions.csv", usecols=cols, dtype=str, keep_default_na=False)

# CAVEAT. This measures voice, not presence. `sex` is a derived variable, with more error for
# women than for men. dm_speech == "1" removes what is proven not to be speech;
# it does not prove that everything that remains is speech. The denominator is the words of
# deputies of known sex: rows without a deputy or without sex are excluded.
# Each chamber is compared with itself: this does not rank countries.
habla = df[(df["dm_speech"] == "1") & df["sex"].isin(["F", "M"]) & (df["date"] != "")]
habla = habla.assign(decada=habla["date"].str[:3] + "0",
                     palabras=habla["text"].str.split().str.len())

t = habla.pivot_table(index="decada", columns="sex", values="palabras",
                      aggfunc="sum", fill_value=0)
t["pct_F"] = (100 * t["F"] / (t["F"] + t["M"])).round(2)
print(t)

How to cite

Cite what you used and its edition: not all datasets are at the same edition. The citation for a figure carries the data edition and the date.

CC BY 4.0: you may use, adapt, and redistribute, if you cite the source.

A dataset

PortugalPT · v2.0
Text
Rodrigues-Silveira, Rodrigo, 2026, "ParlaIbero-PT: Parliamentary Speeches from Portugal (1976-2025)", https://doi.org/10.7910/DVN/VRPUFU, Harvard Dataverse, V2
BibTeX
```
@data{parlaibero_pt_2026,
  author    = {Rodrigues-Silveira, Rodrigo},
  title     = {ParlaIbero-PT: Parliamentary Speeches from Portugal (1976-2025)},
  year      = {2026},
  version   = {V2},
  publisher = {Harvard Dataverse},
  doi       = {10.7910/DVN/VRPUFU},
  url       = {https://doi.org/10.7910/DVN/VRPUFU}
}
```
RIS
```
TY  - DATA
T1  - ParlaIbero-PT: Parliamentary Speeches from Portugal (1976-2025)
AU  - Rodrigues-Silveira, Rodrigo
PY  - 2026
ET  - V2
PB  - Harvard Dataverse
DO  - 10.7910/DVN/VRPUFU
UR  - https://doi.org/10.7910/DVN/VRPUFU
ER  - 
```

SpainES · v2.0

Text

Rodrigues-Silveira, Rodrigo, 2026, "ParlaIbero-ES: Parliamentary Speeches from Spain (1977-2025)", https://doi.org/10.7910/DVN/OKHGAB, Harvard Dataverse, V2

BibTeX

@data{parlaibero_es_2026,
  author    = {Rodrigues-Silveira, Rodrigo},
  title     = {ParlaIbero-ES: Parliamentary Speeches from Spain (1977-2025)},
  year      = {2026},
  version   = {V2},
  publisher = {Harvard Dataverse},
  doi       = {10.7910/DVN/OKHGAB},
  url       = {https://doi.org/10.7910/DVN/OKHGAB}
}

RIS

TY  - DATA
T1  - ParlaIbero-ES: Parliamentary Speeches from Spain (1977-2025)
AU  - Rodrigues-Silveira, Rodrigo
PY  - 2026
ET  - V2
PB  - Harvard Dataverse
DO  - 10.7910/DVN/OKHGAB
UR  - https://doi.org/10.7910/DVN/OKHGAB
ER  -

EcuadorEC · v2.0

Text

Rodrigues-Silveira, Rodrigo; Martínez Ramos, Julián, 2026, "ParlaIbero-EC: Parliamentary Speeches from Ecuador (1979-2025)", https://doi.org/10.7910/DVN/M2QJN6, Harvard Dataverse, V2

BibTeX

@data{parlaibero_ec_2026,
  author    = {Rodrigues-Silveira, Rodrigo and Martínez Ramos, Julián},
  title     = {ParlaIbero-EC: Parliamentary Speeches from Ecuador (1979-2025)},
  year      = {2026},
  version   = {V2},
  publisher = {Harvard Dataverse},
  doi       = {10.7910/DVN/M2QJN6},
  url       = {https://doi.org/10.7910/DVN/M2QJN6}
}

RIS

TY  - DATA
T1  - ParlaIbero-EC: Parliamentary Speeches from Ecuador (1979-2025)
AU  - Rodrigues-Silveira, Rodrigo
AU  - Martínez Ramos, Julián
PY  - 2026
ET  - V2
PB  - Harvard Dataverse
DO  - 10.7910/DVN/M2QJN6
UR  - https://doi.org/10.7910/DVN/M2QJN6
ER  -

ArgentinaAR · v2.0

Text

Rodrigues-Silveira, Rodrigo, 2026, "ParlaIbero-AR: Parliamentary Speeches from Argentina (1983-2025)", https://doi.org/10.7910/DVN/IVNYID, Harvard Dataverse, V2

BibTeX

@data{parlaibero_ar_2026,
  author    = {Rodrigues-Silveira, Rodrigo},
  title     = {ParlaIbero-AR: Parliamentary Speeches from Argentina (1983-2025)},
  year      = {2026},
  version   = {V2},
  publisher = {Harvard Dataverse},
  doi       = {10.7910/DVN/IVNYID},
  url       = {https://doi.org/10.7910/DVN/IVNYID}
}

RIS

TY  - DATA
T1  - ParlaIbero-AR: Parliamentary Speeches from Argentina (1983-2025)
AU  - Rodrigues-Silveira, Rodrigo
PY  - 2026
ET  - V2
PB  - Harvard Dataverse
DO  - 10.7910/DVN/IVNYID
UR  - https://doi.org/10.7910/DVN/IVNYID
ER  -

UruguayUY · v2.0

Text

Rodrigues-Silveira, Rodrigo; Gutiérrez Oria, Óscar, 2026, "ParlaIbero-UY: Parliamentary Speeches from Uruguay (1985-2025)", https://doi.org/10.7910/DVN/KI1AOC, Harvard Dataverse, V2

BibTeX

@data{parlaibero_uy_2026,
  author    = {Rodrigues-Silveira, Rodrigo and Gutiérrez Oria, Óscar},
  title     = {ParlaIbero-UY: Parliamentary Speeches from Uruguay (1985-2025)},
  year      = {2026},
  version   = {V2},
  publisher = {Harvard Dataverse},
  doi       = {10.7910/DVN/KI1AOC},
  url       = {https://doi.org/10.7910/DVN/KI1AOC}
}

RIS

TY  - DATA
T1  - ParlaIbero-UY: Parliamentary Speeches from Uruguay (1985-2025)
AU  - Rodrigues-Silveira, Rodrigo
AU  - Gutiérrez Oria, Óscar
PY  - 2026
ET  - V2
PB  - Harvard Dataverse
DO  - 10.7910/DVN/KI1AOC
UR  - https://doi.org/10.7910/DVN/KI1AOC
ER  -

MexicoMX · v2.0

Text

Rodrigues-Silveira, Rodrigo, 2026, "ParlaIbero-MX: Parliamentary Speeches from Mexico (1988-2025)", https://doi.org/10.7910/DVN/0IS1YE, Harvard Dataverse, V2

BibTeX

@data{parlaibero_mx_2026,
  author    = {Rodrigues-Silveira, Rodrigo},
  title     = {ParlaIbero-MX: Parliamentary Speeches from Mexico (1988-2025)},
  year      = {2026},
  version   = {V2},
  publisher = {Harvard Dataverse},
  doi       = {10.7910/DVN/0IS1YE},
  url       = {https://doi.org/10.7910/DVN/0IS1YE}
}

RIS

TY  - DATA
T1  - ParlaIbero-MX: Parliamentary Speeches from Mexico (1988-2025)
AU  - Rodrigues-Silveira, Rodrigo
PY  - 2026
ET  - V2
PB  - Harvard Dataverse
DO  - 10.7910/DVN/0IS1YE
UR  - https://doi.org/10.7910/DVN/0IS1YE
ER  -

ParaguayPY · v2.0

Text

Rodrigues-Silveira, Rodrigo; Martínez Osorio, Sofía Anabel, 2026, "ParlaIbero-PY: Parliamentary Speeches from Paraguay (1988-2025)", https://doi.org/10.7910/DVN/PDX8GA, Harvard Dataverse, V2

BibTeX

@data{parlaibero_py_2026,
  author    = {Rodrigues-Silveira, Rodrigo and Martínez Osorio, Sofía Anabel},
  title     = {ParlaIbero-PY: Parliamentary Speeches from Paraguay (1988-2025)},
  year      = {2026},
  version   = {V2},
  publisher = {Harvard Dataverse},
  doi       = {10.7910/DVN/PDX8GA},
  url       = {https://doi.org/10.7910/DVN/PDX8GA}
}

RIS

TY  - DATA
T1  - ParlaIbero-PY: Parliamentary Speeches from Paraguay (1988-2025)
AU  - Rodrigues-Silveira, Rodrigo
AU  - Martínez Osorio, Sofía Anabel
PY  - 2026
ET  - V2
PB  - Harvard Dataverse
DO  - 10.7910/DVN/PDX8GA
UR  - https://doi.org/10.7910/DVN/PDX8GA
ER  -

ChileCL · v2.0

Text

Rodrigues-Silveira, Rodrigo; Miranda Olivares, Nicolás, 2026, "ParlaIbero-CL: Parliamentary Speeches from Chile (1990-2025)", https://doi.org/10.7910/DVN/IKBNRL, Harvard Dataverse, V2

BibTeX

@data{parlaibero_cl_2026,
  author    = {Rodrigues-Silveira, Rodrigo and Miranda Olivares, Nicolás},
  title     = {ParlaIbero-CL: Parliamentary Speeches from Chile (1990-2025)},
  year      = {2026},
  version   = {V2},
  publisher = {Harvard Dataverse},
  doi       = {10.7910/DVN/IKBNRL},
  url       = {https://doi.org/10.7910/DVN/IKBNRL}
}

RIS

TY  - DATA
T1  - ParlaIbero-CL: Parliamentary Speeches from Chile (1990-2025)
AU  - Rodrigues-Silveira, Rodrigo
AU  - Miranda Olivares, Nicolás
PY  - 2026
ET  - V2
PB  - Harvard Dataverse
DO  - 10.7910/DVN/IKBNRL
UR  - https://doi.org/10.7910/DVN/IKBNRL
ER  -

Costa RicaCR · v2.0

Text

Rodrigues-Silveira, Rodrigo; Gómez-Campos, Steffan, 2026, "ParlaIbero-CR: Parliamentary Speeches from Costa Rica (1994-2025)", https://doi.org/10.7910/DVN/W6UAHQ, Harvard Dataverse, V2

BibTeX

@data{parlaibero_cr_2026,
  author    = {Rodrigues-Silveira, Rodrigo and Gómez-Campos, Steffan},
  title     = {ParlaIbero-CR: Parliamentary Speeches from Costa Rica (1994-2025)},
  year      = {2026},
  version   = {V2},
  publisher = {Harvard Dataverse},
  doi       = {10.7910/DVN/W6UAHQ},
  url       = {https://doi.org/10.7910/DVN/W6UAHQ}
}

RIS

TY  - DATA
T1  - ParlaIbero-CR: Parliamentary Speeches from Costa Rica (1994-2025)
AU  - Rodrigues-Silveira, Rodrigo
AU  - Gómez-Campos, Steffan
PY  - 2026
ET  - V2
PB  - Harvard Dataverse
DO  - 10.7910/DVN/W6UAHQ
UR  - https://doi.org/10.7910/DVN/W6UAHQ
ER  -

PeruPE · v1.0

Text

Rodrigues-Silveira, Rodrigo, 2026, "ParlaIbero-PE: Parliamentary Speeches from Peru (1995-2025)", https://doi.org/10.7910/DVN/7MK94V, Harvard Dataverse, V1

BibTeX

@data{parlaibero_pe_2026,
  author    = {Rodrigues-Silveira, Rodrigo},
  title     = {ParlaIbero-PE: Parliamentary Speeches from Peru (1995-2025)},
  year      = {2026},
  version   = {V1},
  publisher = {Harvard Dataverse},
  doi       = {10.7910/DVN/7MK94V},
  url       = {https://doi.org/10.7910/DVN/7MK94V}
}

RIS

TY  - DATA
T1  - ParlaIbero-PE: Parliamentary Speeches from Peru (1995-2025)
AU  - Rodrigues-Silveira, Rodrigo
PY  - 2026
ET  - V1
PB  - Harvard Dataverse
DO  - 10.7910/DVN/7MK94V
UR  - https://doi.org/10.7910/DVN/7MK94V
ER  -

PanamaPA · v2.0

Text

Rodrigues-Silveira, Rodrigo; Martínez Osorio, Sofía Anabel, 2026, "ParlaIbero-PA: Parliamentary Speeches from Panama (1996-2025)", https://doi.org/10.7910/DVN/Y8FUSX, Harvard Dataverse, V2

BibTeX

@data{parlaibero_pa_2026,
  author    = {Rodrigues-Silveira, Rodrigo and Martínez Osorio, Sofía Anabel},
  title     = {ParlaIbero-PA: Parliamentary Speeches from Panama (1996-2025)},
  year      = {2026},
  version   = {V2},
  publisher = {Harvard Dataverse},
  doi       = {10.7910/DVN/Y8FUSX},
  url       = {https://doi.org/10.7910/DVN/Y8FUSX}
}

RIS

TY  - DATA
T1  - ParlaIbero-PA: Parliamentary Speeches from Panama (1996-2025)
AU  - Rodrigues-Silveira, Rodrigo
AU  - Martínez Osorio, Sofía Anabel
PY  - 2026
ET  - V2
PB  - Harvard Dataverse
DO  - 10.7910/DVN/Y8FUSX
UR  - https://doi.org/10.7910/DVN/Y8FUSX
ER  -

ColombiaCO · v2.0

Text

Rodrigues-Silveira, Rodrigo, 2026, "ParlaIbero-CO: Parliamentary Speeches from Colombia (2000-2025)", https://doi.org/10.7910/DVN/TYYERX, Harvard Dataverse, V2

BibTeX

@data{parlaibero_co_2026,
  author    = {Rodrigues-Silveira, Rodrigo},
  title     = {ParlaIbero-CO: Parliamentary Speeches from Colombia (2000-2025)},
  year      = {2026},
  version   = {V2},
  publisher = {Harvard Dataverse},
  doi       = {10.7910/DVN/TYYERX},
  url       = {https://doi.org/10.7910/DVN/TYYERX}
}

RIS

TY  - DATA
T1  - ParlaIbero-CO: Parliamentary Speeches from Colombia (2000-2025)
AU  - Rodrigues-Silveira, Rodrigo
PY  - 2026
ET  - V2
PB  - Harvard Dataverse
DO  - 10.7910/DVN/TYYERX
UR  - https://doi.org/10.7910/DVN/TYYERX
ER  -

GuatemalaGT · v2.0

Text

Rodrigues-Silveira, Rodrigo; Barreto-Martín, Eduardo, 2026, "ParlaIbero-GT: Parliamentary Speeches from Guatemala (2000-2026)", https://doi.org/10.7910/DVN/NH5TTC, Harvard Dataverse, V2

BibTeX

@data{parlaibero_gt_2026,
  author    = {Rodrigues-Silveira, Rodrigo and Barreto-Martín, Eduardo},
  title     = {ParlaIbero-GT: Parliamentary Speeches from Guatemala (2000-2026)},
  year      = {2026},
  version   = {V2},
  publisher = {Harvard Dataverse},
  doi       = {10.7910/DVN/NH5TTC},
  url       = {https://doi.org/10.7910/DVN/NH5TTC}
}

RIS

TY  - DATA
T1  - ParlaIbero-GT: Parliamentary Speeches from Guatemala (2000-2026)
AU  - Rodrigues-Silveira, Rodrigo
AU  - Barreto-Martín, Eduardo
PY  - 2026
ET  - V2
PB  - Harvard Dataverse
DO  - 10.7910/DVN/NH5TTC
UR  - https://doi.org/10.7910/DVN/NH5TTC
ER  -

Dominican RepublicDO · v2.0

Text

Rodrigues-Silveira, Rodrigo; Martínez Osorio, Sofía Anabel, 2026, "ParlaIbero-DO: Parliamentary Speeches from the Dominican Republic (2001-2025)", https://doi.org/10.7910/DVN/DZKXUG, Harvard Dataverse, V2

BibTeX

@data{parlaibero_do_2026,
  author    = {Rodrigues-Silveira, Rodrigo and Martínez Osorio, Sofía Anabel},
  title     = {ParlaIbero-DO: Parliamentary Speeches from the Dominican Republic (2001-2025)},
  year      = {2026},
  version   = {V2},
  publisher = {Harvard Dataverse},
  doi       = {10.7910/DVN/DZKXUG},
  url       = {https://doi.org/10.7910/DVN/DZKXUG}
}

RIS

TY  - DATA
T1  - ParlaIbero-DO: Parliamentary Speeches from the Dominican Republic (2001-2025)
AU  - Rodrigues-Silveira, Rodrigo
AU  - Martínez Osorio, Sofía Anabel
PY  - 2026
ET  - V2
PB  - Harvard Dataverse
DO  - 10.7910/DVN/DZKXUG
UR  - https://doi.org/10.7910/DVN/DZKXUG
ER  -

BrazilBR · v2.0

Text

Rodrigues-Silveira, Rodrigo, 2026, "ParlaIbero-BR: Parliamentary Speeches from Brazil (2003-2025)", https://doi.org/10.7910/DVN/VTXNW3, Harvard Dataverse, V2

BibTeX

@data{parlaibero_br_2026,
  author    = {Rodrigues-Silveira, Rodrigo},
  title     = {ParlaIbero-BR: Parliamentary Speeches from Brazil (2003-2025)},
  year      = {2026},
  version   = {V2},
  publisher = {Harvard Dataverse},
  doi       = {10.7910/DVN/VTXNW3},
  url       = {https://doi.org/10.7910/DVN/VTXNW3}
}

RIS

TY  - DATA
T1  - ParlaIbero-BR: Parliamentary Speeches from Brazil (2003-2025)
AU  - Rodrigues-Silveira, Rodrigo
PY  - 2026
ET  - V2
PB  - Harvard Dataverse
DO  - 10.7910/DVN/VTXNW3
UR  - https://doi.org/10.7910/DVN/VTXNW3
ER  -

El SalvadorSV · v2.0

Text

Rodrigues-Silveira, Rodrigo; Martínez Osorio, Sofía Anabel, 2026, "ParlaIbero-SV: Parliamentary Speeches from El Salvador (2018-2025)", https://doi.org/10.7910/DVN/MUJU6A, Harvard Dataverse, V2

BibTeX

@data{parlaibero_sv_2026,
  author    = {Rodrigues-Silveira, Rodrigo and Martínez Osorio, Sofía Anabel},
  title     = {ParlaIbero-SV: Parliamentary Speeches from El Salvador (2018-2025)},
  year      = {2026},
  version   = {V2},
  publisher = {Harvard Dataverse},
  doi       = {10.7910/DVN/MUJU6A},
  url       = {https://doi.org/10.7910/DVN/MUJU6A}
}

RIS

TY  - DATA
T1  - ParlaIbero-SV: Parliamentary Speeches from El Salvador (2018-2025)
AU  - Rodrigues-Silveira, Rodrigo
AU  - Martínez Osorio, Sofía Anabel
PY  - 2026
ET  - V2
PB  - Harvard Dataverse
DO  - 10.7910/DVN/MUJU6A
UR  - https://doi.org/10.7910/DVN/MUJU6A
ER  -

The collection

Text

Rodrigues-Silveira, Rodrigo (2026). ParlaIbero. Harvard Dataverse. https://dataverse.harvard.edu/dataverse/parlaibero

BibTeX

@data{parlaibero_coleccion_2026,
  author    = {Rodrigues-Silveira, Rodrigo (2026)},
  title     = {ParlaIbero},
  year      = {2026},
  publisher = {Harvard Dataverse},
  url       = {https://dataverse.harvard.edu/dataverse/parlaibero}
}

RIS

TY  - DATA
T1  - ParlaIbero
AU  - Rodrigues-Silveira, Rodrigo (2026)
PY  - 2026
PB  - Harvard Dataverse
UR  - https://dataverse.harvard.edu/dataverse/parlaibero
ER  -

A figure

Women deputies' voice in the plenary, by chamber and decade

Rodrigues-Silveira, Rodrigo (2026). “Women deputies' voice in the plenary, by chamber and decade.” ParlaIbero, figure data, edition of September 7, 2026. Instituto de Iberoamérica, Universidad de Salamanca. https://rodrodr.github.io/parlaibero/en/#voz. Accessed [date of your access].

Coverage: what there is for each chamber, year by year

Rodrigues-Silveira, Rodrigo (2026). “Coverage: what there is for each chamber, year by year.” ParlaIbero, figure data, edition of September 7, 2026. Instituto de Iberoamérica, Universidad de Salamanca. https://rodrodr.github.io/parlaibero/en/paises/#rejilla. Accessed [date of your access].

Contact and errors

If you find an error, tell us where: country, date, session number, and what the official Record says. If you are not sure where to start, write to us too. rodrodr@usal.es

Report an error Write to us

Where to start

No coding

With basic R or Python

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The path, step by step

What is in each download

The 16 columns

The roster and its correct join

Two snippets

How to cite

A dataset

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The collection

Text

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A figure

Women deputies' voice in the plenary, by chamber and decade

Coverage: what there is for each chamber, year by year

Contact and errors